Migration Backup and Recovery Weakness

Comprehensive Backup Management Schema:

CREATE TABLE backup_catalog (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    backup_name VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
    backup_type VARCHAR(50) CHECK (backup_type IN ('full', 'incremental', 'differential')),
    source_database VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    backup_start_time TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE NOT NULL,
    backup_end_time TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE,
    backup_size_bytes BIGINT,
    backup_location TEXT NOT NULL,
    encryption_key_id VARCHAR(255),
    compression_type VARCHAR(50),
    retention_days INTEGER DEFAULT 90,
    is_verified BOOLEAN DEFAULT false,
    verification_date TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE,
    created_by VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE backup_verification_tests (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    backup_id INTEGER REFERENCES backup_catalog(id),
    test_type VARCHAR(50) CHECK (test_type IN ('integrity', 'restore', 'partial_restore', 'data_validation')),
    test_start_time TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NOW(),
    test_end_time TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE,
    test_status VARCHAR(50),
    test_details JSONB,
    tested_by VARCHAR(255),
    test_environment VARCHAR(255),
    rows_verified BIGINT,
    checksum_match BOOLEAN
);

CREATE TABLE recovery_procedures (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    procedure_name VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
    procedure_type VARCHAR(50),
    estimated_recovery_time INTERVAL,
    last_tested_date DATE,
    test_success_rate DECIMAL(5,2),
    procedure_steps JSONB,
    required_resources TEXT[],
    contact_list JSONB
);

Migration Safety Framework:

CREATE TABLE migration_safety_checklist (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    migration_id UUID NOT NULL,
    checklist_item VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    is_required BOOLEAN DEFAULT true,
    completed BOOLEAN DEFAULT false,
    completed_by VARCHAR(255),
    completed_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE,
    evidence TEXT,
    UNIQUE(migration_id, checklist_item)
);

-- Mandatory checklist items
INSERT INTO migration_safety_checklist (migration_id, checklist_item) VALUES
(gen_random_uuid(), 'Full backup completed'),
(gen_random_uuid(), 'Backup verified restorable'),
(gen_random_uuid(), 'Recovery procedure documented'),
(gen_random_uuid(), 'Recovery time tested'),
(gen_random_uuid(), 'Rollback plan approved'),
(gen_random_uuid(), 'Data integrity queries prepared'),
(gen_random_uuid(), 'Stakeholders notified'),
(gen_random_uuid(), 'Maintenance window scheduled');

-- Enforce checklist completion
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION can_proceed_with_migration(
    p_migration_id UUID
) RETURNS BOOLEAN AS $
DECLARE
    v_incomplete_required INTEGER;
BEGIN
    SELECT COUNT(*)
    INTO v_incomplete_required
    FROM migration_safety_checklist
    WHERE migration_id = p_migration_id
    AND is_required = true
    AND completed = false;
    
    RETURN v_incomplete_required = 0;
END;
$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

Backup Testing Automation:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION test_backup_recovery(
    p_backup_id INTEGER
) RETURNS TABLE (
    test_phase VARCHAR,
    status VARCHAR,
    details TEXT
) AS $
DECLARE
    v_backup backup_catalog;
    v_test_db VARCHAR;
    v_start_time TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE;
BEGIN
    SELECT * INTO v_backup FROM backup_catalog WHERE id = p_backup_id;
    v_test_db := 'restore_test_' || p_backup_id;
    v_start_time := NOW();
    
    -- Phase 1: Create test database
    RETURN QUERY
    SELECT 'create_test_db'::VARCHAR, 
           'started'::VARCHAR, 
           'Creating test database ' || v_test_db::TEXT;
    
    EXECUTE 'CREATE DATABASE ' || quote_ident(v_test_db);
    
    -- Phase 2: Restore backup
    RETURN QUERY
    SELECT 'restore_backup'::VARCHAR,
           'started'::VARCHAR,
           'Restoring from ' || v_backup.backup_location::TEXT;
    
    -- (Actual restore command would go here)
    
    -- Phase 3: Verify data integrity
    RETURN QUERY
    SELECT 'verify_integrity'::VARCHAR,
           'started'::VARCHAR,
           'Running integrity checks'::TEXT;
    
    -- Phase 4: Test specific queries
    RETURN QUERY
    SELECT 'test_queries'::VARCHAR,
           'started'::VARCHAR,
           'Testing critical queries'::TEXT;
    
    -- Log results
    INSERT INTO backup_verification_tests (
        backup_id,
        test_type,
        test_start_time,
        test_end_time,
        test_status,
        test_environment
    ) VALUES (
        p_backup_id,
        'restore',
        v_start_time,
        NOW(),
        'completed',
        v_test_db
    );
    
    -- Cleanup
    EXECUTE 'DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS ' || quote_ident(v_test_db);
    
    RETURN QUERY
    SELECT 'cleanup'::VARCHAR,
           'completed'::VARCHAR,
           'Test database removed'::TEXT;
END;
$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

Point-in-Time Recovery Tracking:

CREATE TABLE pitr_capability (
    id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    database_name VARCHAR(255),
    earliest_recovery_point TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE,
    latest_recovery_point TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE,
    wal_archiving_enabled BOOLEAN,
    archive_location TEXT,
    retention_policy_days INTEGER,
    last_verification_date DATE,
    verification_status VARCHAR(50)
);

-- Monitor recovery capability gaps
CREATE VIEW recovery_capability_gaps AS
SELECT 
    database_name,
    NOW() - latest_recovery_point as recovery_point_lag,
    CASE 
        WHEN NOW() - latest_recovery_point > INTERVAL '1 hour' THEN 'CRITICAL'
        WHEN NOW() - latest_recovery_point > INTERVAL '15 minutes' THEN 'WARNING'
        ELSE 'OK'
    END as status,
    CASE 
        WHEN NOT wal_archiving_enabled THEN 'WAL archiving disabled!'
        WHEN last_verification_date < CURRENT_DATE - 7 THEN 'Verification overdue!'
        ELSE 'Normal'
    END as issues
FROM pitr_capability
ORDER BY recovery_point_lag DESC;

Additional Best Practices:

• Implement 3-2-1 backup rule (3 copies, 2 different media, 1 offsite)
• Test recovery procedures quarterly minimum
• Document recovery time objectives (RTO) and recovery point objectives (RPO)
• Use immutable backups to prevent ransomware
• Implement automated backup verification
• Create "chaos recovery" drills